Category Archives: Science

Proceed With Care

If you’re taking an antidepressant, especially an SSRI, and you want to discontinue, do not stop taking medication abruptly. Some ten to twenty percent of those who quit experience significant discomfort, which is known as “discontinuation syndrome.”

Stopping cold turkey can cause an array of troublesome symptoms, the most common being dizziness, which can last for days on end. Flu-like feelings, including nausea, headache and fatigue, are also common, as are intense feelings of anxiety, irritability or sadness. Some patients experience alarming sensations of tingling or burning in various parts of the body; ringing in the ears; blurred vision; or flashing lights before the eyes. Some people even describe a feeling of shock waves pulsing through their arms and legs, as if they had been zapped with a jolt of electricity, a condition sometimes called lightning-bolt syndrome.

[New York Times]

Mental Health Help, Texas Style

Having worked at Austin Travis County MHMR for several years, I know firsthand the distress caused to clients and the community by funding cutbacks. When I saw the article below in Sunday’s news, I was compelled to reprint it here for my future reference. My hope is that someday I’ll be able to read it in my archives and reflect on it as the “bad old days.” But they say I’m a dreamer; one doesn’t enter the profession of human services unless one is a bit of an idealist.

[begin]

A Lost Life
One woman tries — and fails — to navigate Texas’ shrinking mental health system

By Andrea Ball
AMERICAN-STATESMAN STAFF
Sunday, May 23, 2004

A homeless man found Samantha Harvey on the Town Lake hike-and-bike trail, her lifeless body hanging from the limb of a tall cypress tree.

He called for help, and soon the woodsy area frequented by bikers and joggers was swarming with police, firefighters and emergency medical technicians.

They didn’t know the blond, 19-year-old woman with the aqua dress and freshly bandaged wrists; didn’t know of her long battle with depression, her previous suicide attempts, her efforts to get help.

To them she was just a sad story. That story ended on Aug. 27, 2003.

But mental health experts say she is more than that. To them Samantha symbolizes the thousands of people the Texas mental health system fails each year. The system is a patchwork of 41 community mental health centers across the state that vary in size and budgets, offer different programs and medicines and have no uniform computer or record-keeping center to connect them.

Samantha was mentally ill, poor and uninsured — a typical person lost in the system. Months after Texas legislators trimmed millions of dollars for mental health care, experts worry others will suffer the same fate.

“This is what happens when you have people falling through the cracks and not getting adequate care,” said Melanie Gantt, public policy director for the Mental Health Association in Texas.

In 2003 legislators cut $14.8 million in funding to the community mental health centers, a 5.11 percent decrease that forced agencies to drop services, lay off employees and turn away clients. They cut most therapy benefits for more than 800,000 Medicaid recipients, leaving the 128,000 people using it scrambling to find care.

Since then, mental illness-related visits to hospital and clinics have increased as much as 50 percent in the Austin area. Emergency visits to the Austin-Travis County Mental Health and Mental Retardation Center have risen 5 percent.

Things soon could get worse. Starting Sept. 1., community mental health centers will accept people with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and clinically severe depression only. The 17,000 other people currently being treated for ailments such as panic, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders will be phased out of the system and left to find care elsewhere.
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Ouch

You know, I’ve often wondered about people when they say they pulled a back muscle by doing something simple, like getting up off a chair. Really now, I would think, aren’t you exaggerating just a bit? My back has been a bit tetchy of late. It aches and feels stiff in the lower region. I’ve been feeling fragile when I move. Less than half an hour ago I brought a cup of tea into the living room, bent down slightly to put it on the end table, and felt a sharp pain stab my lower left back. It was intense enough to cause me to yelp a little and my hand to shake. My boyfriend immediately guided me to the sofa and put a heating pad under me. I moved slightly to adjust the pillow and felt another sharp pain. Geeze! What happened?!

Naturally, since I’m immobilized, I decided to search a little bit on back pain (thank goodness for laptops). Some of my results:

Here’s hoping for a fast recovery!

Step By Step In Austin & Beyond

Now here’s a thought to consider. Every twenty minutes on the Appalachian Trail, Katz and I walked farther than the average American walks in a week. For 93 percent of all trips outside the home, for whatever distance or whatever purpose, Americans now get in a car. On average the total walking of an American these days — that’s walking of all types: from car to office, from office to car, around the supermarket and shopping malls — adds up to 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a day. That’s ridiculous.

–Bill Bryson, A Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail

Less than a mile and half a week?! Wow, that is ridiculous. No wonder we’re a nation swaddled by obesity.

Before I moved to Austin, I lived in a smaller city — Syracuse, New York, my hometown. For many reasons, with finances being the primary one, I did not own a car until I was 28. I commuted to work by city bus and trekked on foot to the store, to see friends, and just for fun. Syracuse can be a bitter, snow-laden place in the winter, and it wasn’t until I moved to Texas that I realized how hardy I was from all those years of walking through such varied weather.

In 1991 I purchased my first car — an Eagle Summit manual transmission with no radio — brand new for a really good price. I dubbed her Blue Belle because she was, well, blue and small. I owned that car for 10 years and grieved when she quit. The reason I bought the car was that, in order to complete my B.A. at SUNY Oswego (50 miles from Syracuse), I had to commute to classes. And oh, how I loved the new flexibility and mobility it provided!

It was heaven.

Until I gained weight.

Thus I discovered one unwelcome consequence to driving. However, I worked at Syracuse University, which has the Carrier Dome, an enclosed stadium. Once around the promenade is one-third of a mile. Every day, I walked over on my lunch hour and power-walked three miles, rain, snow, or shine. In nice weather I walked outside. And being a smaller city, many of Syracuse’s streets are navigable; you can walk across town without putting your life on the line. I regained my fitness in short order.

Upon moving to Austin, I was struck at how auto-dependent the city is, and how unfriendly it is to pedestrians. The lack of a car makes it difficult to get to a job, given the rush hour crawl and the distances one often has to commute. (In my work at a non-profit mental health agency, I provided life skills training to clients, including teaching them how to navigate by bus. It was often an all-day affair to make a round trip from north to south Austin.)

Gradually the weight crept up again, farther than ever before. Most of the time I didn’t live in apartment communities that felt neighborly with easy access to suburban side streets. Also, with one exception I lived on the third floor, which provided an incentive to my lazy side not to venture out.

This year I’ve begun to reclaim my favorite activity. I was given a simple digital pedometer for Christmas and made a commitment to aim for between 4,000 and 6,000 steps per day. I would still prefer to live in a city where I don’t have to drive to a greenbelt for a nature hike, and where I don’t take my life in my hands crossing broad four-lane roads where people run red lights and speed over the 45 mph limit. I wish I could do more of my errands on foot, but this just isn’t how large cities are built. Still, I live in a pleasant suburb which provides ample safe walking, and my mental and physical health has improved for it.

I recently watched a Frontline episode focused on diet wars in which James Hill, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the University of Colorado in Denver, mentioned the America on the Move program. The mission: generate a grassroots movement encouraging people to make healthy eating choices and engage in more physical activity, with walking being one that is accessible to most people. Every little bit helps, such as decreasing your food intake 100 calories a day and walking 2000 steps a day to start.

My interest was piqued by this program. Then I saw a McDonald’s ad; they’re hopping on the bandwagon with Go Active! happy meals which include a Stepometer (toy pedometer). I was chatting last night with Sheila at the bloggers Meetup about her Stepometer. It doesn’t sound, from her description, as though it’s very accurate. But as she said, it’s a way to see if she can make it a habit and if so, then she’ll spend money for a real pedometer. I told her I’d been thinking of writing a post about walking and promised links. So without further ado:

Well, there’s plenty of material here to inspire and guide you. I hope I’ve raised your awareness and curiosity about walking. It is one of the most natural forms of movement for us. If you incorporate a little bit more each day into your routine, you will be the better for it. Happy trails to you.

Another Ah, Yes

Everyone who experiences depression struggles to convey the experience to those who do not. This excerpt comes closest to my own description, and the entire post provides several similes that might help.

Depression is like seeing everyone else walking around and functioning normally on land, but somehow you have to walk through four feet of water. Everything is slower, more deliberate. Everything takes more effort. And sometimes the water gets deeper, and all you can do is tread water, hoping desperately that you’ll be able to hold on long enough for the waves to carry you back into the shallower water again. Sometimes the waves crash over your head, and you have to fight your way back to the surface. Sometimes it feels like you’re underwater, and you can only see the people around you through the water, so everything is distorted and strange.

The RiverStone Journal

Abandon Hope

Funds for mental health services to the low-income uninsured have been slashed in Texas, a state which ranks near the bottom of all states in regard to funding human services. I had hopes that places like Washington, with a better reputation for mental health services, would be unscathed, or would manage better than Texas. Well, Philip Dawdy writes in Seattle Weekly: Give Them Shelter that mandated cuts in funding due January 1 will result in 2000 people being unassisted and on the streets in King County alone.

Already, the agency is making stark choices. Do they keep treating a long-term schizophrenic whoÂ’s begun to improve and deny treatment to a new patient? Or do they treat the new person and cut off the otherÂ’s care? Untreated, the first one will most likely have a psychotic episode and end up in the hospital or jail or worse.

Now that is insane.

[via Chad]

Gifted Adults

There seem to be five traits that produce potential interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict: divergency, excitability, sensitivity, perceptivity, and entelechy. The first three traits have been derived from Torrance’s (1961, 1962, 1965) descriptions of creatively gifted children. The last two traits were developed from discussions with gifted adults. These traits seem to be an integral part of giftedness; however, the behavioral manifestations of these traits may vary depending on other physiological and personality factors, such as tolerance for ambiguity, degree of introversion or extroversion, and preference for particular types of sensory input. Gifted adults may exhibit several of the traits. The gifted adults who served as a basis for this article all exhibited at least three (divergency, excitability, and sensitivity).

Although the traits in themselves are neutral, their behavioral manifestations make them socially and emotionally significant. For example, the trait of sensitivity can be manifested as empathy, commitment, touchiness, intensity, or vulnerability. Thus, in any individual, the sum of the behavioral manifestations may be viewed as positive or negative.

Read about these traits in greater detail in Can You Hear The Flower Sing? Issues for Gifted Adults.

Alfred Adler & Abraham Maslow

In a brief article, “Alfred AdlerÂ’s Life: Five Lessons for Everyone,” Ed Hoffman highlights five of Adler’s personal characteristics that contributed to his extraordinary influence on contemporary psychology. In another article, “Abraham Maslow: Father of Enlightened Management,” Hoffman clarifies the connections among enlightened management, quality products, and psychologically healthy employees. Both articles may be found at http://go.ourworld.nu/hstein/.

Edward Hoffman, Ph.D., a New York City psychologist, is the author of “The Drive for Self: Alfred Adler and the Founding of Individual Psychology” (Addison-Wesley, 1994); “The Right to Be Human: A Biography of Abraham Maslow” (Tarcher/St. Martin’s Press, 1988); and “Future Visions: The Unpublished Papers of Abraham Maslow” (Sage, 1995).

[via Alfred Adler Institutes of San Francisco & Northwestern Washington]

The Despotic Ego

Weariness may also begin to set in — this is actually a healthy sign — at the enormous burden of working for the ego. Most of us, before we see this, don’t realize why we’re so tired, or even how tired we are. But we spend our whole day nourishing the ego, being told by it what to do, maintaining and protecting it, being wounded in it. It’s exhausting.

— Larry Rosenberg

[via whiskey river]

The Psychology of Samsara

In Thoughts Without a Thinker, Mark Epstein very neatly pulls together various theories of psychotherapy and the aspects of Samsara, the Wheel of Life. This wheel depicts the Six Realms of Existence, through which souls cycle through rebirth. They are: the Human Realm, The Animal Realm, the Hell Realm, the Realm of the Hungry Ghosts, the Realm of Jealous Gods or Titans, and the God Realm. Psychotherapy, he writes, is concerned with reintegrating missing pieces of our experience from which we’ve become estranged. He continues:

This concern with repossessing or reclaiming all aspects of the self is fundamental to the Buddhist notion of the six realms. We are estranged not just from these aspects of character, the Buddhist teachings assert, but also from our own Buddha-nature, from our own enlightened minds. We have ample opportunity to practice the methods of re-possessing or re-membering that are specifically taught in meditation, for we can practice on all of the material of the six realms, on all of the sticking points in our minds. If aspects of a person remain undigested — cut off, denied, projected, rejected, indulged, or otherwise unassimilated — they become the points around which the core forces of greed, hatred, and delusion attach themselves. They are black holes that absorb fear and create the defensive posture of the isolated self, unable to make satisfying contact with others or with the world.

Epstein gives examples connecting theory to realm. Freud et al focused on exposing the animal nature of the passions, such as the Hell-ish nature of paranoia, aggression, and anxiety; insatiable longing (later termed oral craving) depicted by Hungry Ghosts. Humanistic psychotherapy focuses on “peak experiences,” akin to the God Realms. Cognitive, behavioral, and ego psychology can be seen in the competitive Realm of the Jealous Gods. And the Human Realm is the parallel to the psychology of narcissim and questions of identity.

This helps me to understand why I’m uncomfortable when asked what theoretical framework I use in my therapy. Each addresses an important aspect of living, but none of them has ever seemed to completely address all aspects. Therefore, I’ve never wanted to “settle” on just one. This also explains (to me) why I have been intrigued by and drawn to Buddhism for many years. As I developed my professional identity, Buddhism seemed the most inclusive framework. To see the connections made between Eastern and Western thought infuses me with interest.

I’ve only recently settled in to read this book, and it promises rich sustenance.

I Think He’s A Roommate Of Mine

I remember one evening when Ambivalence and I sat down to enjoy a nice dinner on the porch. The phone rang, and he jumped out of his chair to answer it. When he came back to join me at the table, the soup was cold, and his mind was preoccupied with programming details. It was useless trying to talk to him. The only way I could gain his attention was to make a scene. Before I realized it, we were once again engaged in a power struggle, and my irritation gave him the advantage. He was clear that it was only my problmen that I needed consistency, and added that the soup tastes best when it’s lukewarm.

As you know, the relationship went on like that for years. As soon as I would start to organize my life without him, beautiful love letters appeared in my mailbox. When I grew fond of our weekends in the country, he became indifferent. It took me a long time to figure out that for him indecision is a desired form of suspense. This game of yes/no/maybe intrigues him. It left me exhausted, and I can see that it is beginning to give you a nervous stomach.

–Ruth Gendler, The Book of Qualities

Existential Theory

One of my favorite therapists and writers is Irvin Yalom, a man of great insight who tells captivating stories. I’ve read nearly all of his books, one of which briefly discusses the aspects of existential psychology. He wrote quite a tome dealing with it in great detail, but I’ll be quoting from the prologue of Love’s Executioner.

On Death

As we grow older, we learn to put death out of mind; we distract ourselves; we transform it into something positive (passing on, going home, rejoining God, peace at last); we deny it with sustaining myths; we strive for immortality through imperishable works, by projecting our seed into the future through our children, or by embracing a religious system that offers spiritual perpetuation.

We know about death, intellectually we know the facts, but we — that is, the unconscious portion of the mind that protects us from overwhelming anxiety — have split off, or dissociated, the terror associated with death.

A nightmare is a failed dream, a dream that, by not “handling” anxiety, has failed in its role as the guardian of sleep. Though nightmares differ in manifest content, the underlying process of every nightmare is the same: raw death anxiety has escaped its keepers and exploded into consciousness.

…though the fact, the physicality, of death destroys us, the idea of death may save us.

On Freedom

Freedom means one is responsible for one’s own choices, actions, one’s own life situation. Though the word responsible may be used in a variety of ways, I prefer Sartre’s definition: to be responsible is to “be the author of,” each of us being thus the author of his or her own life design. We are free to be anything but unfree; we are, Sartre would say, condemned to freedom. Indeed, some philosophers claim much more: that the architecture of the human mind makes each of us even responsible for the structure of external reality, for the very form of space and time. It is here, in the idea of self-construction, where anxiety dwells: we are creatures who desire structure, and we are frightened by a concept of freedom which implies that beneath us there is nothing, sheer groundlessness.

Some people are wish-blocked, knowing neither what they feel nor what they want. Without opinions, without impulses, without inclinations, they become parasites on the desires of others. Such people tend to be tiresome.

Other patients cannot decide. Though they know exactly what they want and what they must do, they cannot act and, instead, pace tormentedly before the door of decision.

Decision invariably involves renunciation: for every yes there must be a no, each decision eliminating or killing other options (the root of the word decide means “slay,” as in homicide or suicide).

On Isolation

One experiences interpersonal isolation, or loneliness, if one lacks the social skills or personality style that permit intimate social interactions. Intrapersonal isolation occurs when parts of the self are split off, as when one splits off emotion from the memory of an event.

One’s efforts to escape isolation can sabotage one’s relationships with other people. Many a friendship or marriage has failed because, instead of relating to, and caring for, one another, one person uses another as a shield against isolation.

Beware of the powerful exclusive attachment to another; it is not, as people sometimes think, evidence of the purity of love. Such encapsulated, exclusive love — feeding on itself, neither giving to nor caring about others — is destined to cave in on itself. Love is not just a passion spark between two people; there is infinite difference between falling in love and standing in love. Rather, love is a way of being, a “giving to,” not a “falling for”; a mode of relating at large, not an act limited to a single person.

On Meaning

The search for meaning, much like the search for pleasure, must be conducted obliquely. Meaning ensues from meaningful activity; the more deliberately we pursue it, the less likely we are to find it; the rational questions one can pose about meaning will always outlast the answers. In therapy, as in life, meaningfulness is a byproduct of engagement and commitment, and that is where therapists must direct their efforts — not that engagement provides a rational answer to questions of meaning, but it causes the questions not to matter.

This encounter, the very heart of psychotherapy, is a caring, deeply human meeting between two people, one (generally, but not always, the patient) more troubled than the other. Therapists have a dual role: they must both observe and participate in the lives of their patients. As observer, one must be sufficiently objective to provide necessary rudimentary guidance to the patient. As participant, one enters into the life of the patient and is affected and sometimes changed by the encounter.

Patienthood is ubiquitous; the assumption of the label is largely arbitrary and often dependent more on cultural, educational, and economic factors than on the severity of pathology. Since therapists, no less than patients, must confront these givens of existence, the professional posture of disinterested objectivity, so necessary to scientific method, is inappropriate. We psychotherapists simply cannot cluck with sympathy and exhort patients to struggle resolutely with their problems. We cannot say to them you and your problems. Instead, we must speak of us and our problems, because our life, our existence, will always be riveted to death, love to loss, freedom to fear, and growth to separation. We are, all of us, in this together.

Life In The Fast Lane

183 austin

Kathryn Petro, ©2003

Summertime = good weather = vacation season, and this usually means more car travel. Here are some links to sites that provide tips for saner, safer driving.

  • Car Talk, an NPR radio show hosted by the Magliozzi brothers, is a hilarious and instructive way to spend an hour. Their site has links to good information, and you can listen online.
  • The Partnership for Safe Driving is a non-profit organization dedicated to eliminating all forms of dangerous driving.
  • Find out how how much you know about driving safely.

And lastly, a terrific bit of advice that I have often used, from one of my favorite essayists, Michael Ventura:

Given that you’re living in a city where driving is necessary, learn to drive. You may think you know how, but my experience of the way you drive is that you probably don’t. So here’s how: Drive for space, not for speed. Space in front of you is the safest thing you can have with a car. Darting in and out of traffic doesn’t change anything, it just makes you older. You can’t beat the average traffic flow on any given street or freeway by more than five minutes, which only makes a difference if you’re having a baby. And don’t you look like an idiot when you’ve passed six cars and they pull up beside you at the next light? They’re laughing at you. And they hate you. Which isn’t good for you. Drive for space.

If the move ain’t smooth, it ain’t right. There’s no excuse for a jerky turn, stop, or acceleration. It’s hard on the car, it’s hard on the other passengers, it confuses other drivers, it’s not aesthetic. Such moves are for emergencies only.

Ninety percent of the time you drive with your habits, not your head, so figure out what your bad habits are — gunning it through yellows? not signaling? tailgating? Your worst habit will turn into your worst accident. So stop it. Drive for space. End of lesson.

Amen, brother. I need the reminder. Be safe, folks. Drive well.

New Venues for Psychotherapy

I started my private practice in August 2003, when I designed, coded, and wrote my professional website. Within a few weeks, I was receiving numerous inquiries. The practice took off at a speed I’d not anticipated, and I was greatly pleased. Since I was just starting out, I sub-leased an office a few evenings a week; soon, however, I found I was getting full, and I wanted to expand. In December I began to discuss the option of co-leasing an office with a friend, and then a series of events erected solid barriers to that prospect.

My beau’s project was cancelled and we thought he might be laid off. Although that didn’t happen, the future of his job remains dubious, and he’s resorted to searching for a new one. This raised the possiblity of relocating to another city or out of state. Then his father became seriously ill, and we felt we could not move forward on the job issues until we knew if he would survive (he is recuperating slowly). Additionally, at the end of March, the therapist from whom I sub-leased asked me to find another office, since she needed her space. Not being in a position to sign a long-term lease, I’ve had to use an executive office, consolidate my clients to one day a week, and not accept new clients. You can imagine how disheartening it feels to constrict a process that was working robustly.

I still don’t know if I’ll remain in Austin, and that will become clear in the next few months. The positive aspect of this situation is that is has challenged me to think of other ways I can practice that do not depend on my having an office. People have suggested online counseling (via email); it’s intriguing, but I’m not prepared to do that. There are security issues that concern me, and I’m not willing to set up a system of encryption, etc. at this time. In addition, email therapy works for a limited range of problems; in-person interaction, with the non-verbal gestures and immediacy of communication, is a much richer environment for therapy.

However, I have provided telephone therapy and, in my last job, would see clients at their homes. So it occurred to me this evening: what about providing home-based psychotherapy (or sessions at the client’s office), and for clients who are too far to travel to (or who can’t get to me), offering tele-counseling? For the latter, I need to set up a payment system online, so that clients can pay for sessions; then we’d arrange a time for the phone session and have it. As for at-home counseling, I’m aware of the challenges of that. First, for me there is wear-and-tear on my car (although the miles would be deductible expenses). Plus there is the aggravation of driving in increasingly zany traffic. My last job required a lot of driving and burned the pleasure of it out of me.

Second is the possibility of no-shows, i.e., driving to the home and finding the client gone. This happens in the office too, but being in-office provides opportunities to catch up on paperwork, email, research the Internet, and so on. Also, I need to think about the billing. If I’m stuck in traffic and arrive late, do I deduct from the fee a pro-rated amount, or if our schedules allow, have the entire session?

Third, I need to research more articles (e.g., in The Journal of the American Medical Association) that cover the efficacy of home-based psychotherapy. I also need to be thorough in developing a client explanation form that defines the boundaries of therapy, since being in someone’s home (mine or theirs) does blur them somewhat. It will require greater vigilance.

Concerned parties might ask me about safety, and whether it’s a good idea to go to a client’s home. This doesn’t faze me. For several years I went into homes all over the city, in wealthy and poor neighborhoods, to provide at-home counseling to people diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and a host of other mental ailments. One of my clients lived in a housing project in which a policeman shot a mentally ill client (who attacked a city housing employee with a knife) and her neighbor in the next apartment was murdered by a knife to the throat. They did not find the assailant. So I’ve learned to be mindful and observant; have discovered that places which carry fear-inspiring reputations are often not as scary as the stories would suggest; and have developed an attitude of acceptance that if something bad is going to befall me, then it will do so, and I’ll deal with it. I was once assaulted in my own home, so I know that danger lurks everywhere. I try to use good judgment but don’t fret.

Despite all these issues, which I view as solvable problems, the idea of providing service in these two ways to private-pay clients reanimates my spirit.

Anyhow, I could have one office day a week, and perhaps one or two days seeing clients at home or in their office. Hmmm. Need to think on this more.